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About the Author
Chris Beeley works for Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust as the leadAnalyst and programmer for staff and patient experience. He uses a variety of open source tools (PHP/MySQL, Apache, R, Shiny, and Ubuntu) to collect, collate, analyze, and report on patient and staff experience throughout the organization. He was the author of the previous edition of this book.He has been a keen user of R and a passionate advocate of open source tools in research and healthcare settings, having completed his PhD. He has made extensive use of R (and Shiny) to automate analysis and report on a new patient feedback website. This was funded by a grant from the NHS Institute for Innovation and made in collaboration with staff, service users, and carers within the Trust, particularly individuals from the Involvement Centre.
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Product details
Paperback: 238 pages
Publisher: Packt Publishing; 3rd Revised edition edition (September 27, 2018)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 1788993128
ISBN-13: 978-1788993128
Product Dimensions:
7.5 x 0.5 x 9.2 inches
Shipping Weight: 14.9 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
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Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#741,485 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
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Ebook Download On Persephone's Island: A Sicilian Journal, by Mary Taylor Simeti
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On Persephone's Island: A Sicilian Journal, by Mary Taylor Simeti
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Amazon.com Review
Mary Taylor Simeti arrived in Sicily in 1962 to do volunteer work. Freshly graduated from Radcliffe College after growing up in a distinguished and privileged New York City family, the last thing she expected was to fall in love and marry a Sicilian. On Persephone's Island: A Sicilian Journal is the ambivalent love story of an intelligent, complex, and self-reflective woman. The book recounts the events of 1983, the year Simeti turned 42. Her narrative alternates between Palermo, where her children attend school and her husband Toninno is a professor of agricultural economy, and Bosco, in eastern Sicily, where she shoulders demanding responsibilities on the working farm that has belonged to her husband's family for three generations. Simeti feels the isolation of being an expatriate and outsider, although she claims to welcome this perspective when faced with frustration and disgust at the pervading political corruption and corrosive effects of the Mafia on everyday life. Despite her natural diffidence, she shares personal insights that makeOn Persephone's Island as compelling as her prose. Simeti intersperses rich helpings of Sicilian history and culture with mundane events and insight into what motivates the peasants essential to the survival of the family farm. And she makes pessimistic observations about the complexity of changing times in a society where the persistent reliance on feudal relationships and agriculture is finally crumbling. An academic manqué, Simeti researches and ruminates on the mythological underpinnings of the many holidays and festivals that punctuate the rhythm of Sicilian life. She focuses particularly on the Greek goddesses Persephone and Demeter, who held Sicily under their protection. She eventually discovers a correlation between her own situation and the story of Persephone, who alternately inhabited the worlds of light and darkness.
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About the Author
Mary Taylor Simeti is an American expert in Sicilian medieval and culinary history. Simeti’s book, On Persephone’s Island: A Sicilian Journal, chronicles a year on Sicily, the Mediterranean island that she called her permanent home after visiting for a year. Her other books include Pomp and Sustenance: Twenty-five Centuries of Sicilian Food, Sicilian Food: Recipes from Italy's Abundant Isle and more. She has also contributed numerous articles on Sicily to the New York Times’ travel section.
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Product details
Paperback: 329 pages
Publisher: Vintage; 1st Vintage Departures Ed edition (September 26, 1995)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0679764143
ISBN-13: 978-0679764144
Product Dimensions:
5.2 x 0.8 x 8 inches
Shipping Weight: 6.4 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
4.3 out of 5 stars
54 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#229,356 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
I fouind much of this very slow-going and way too much detail to be an enjoyable read. I got lost in the multiple holidays, horticulture and the many family outings (this is why I prefer fiction often because a good writer deletes all the extraneous detail to get to the themes). HOWEVER, there was a revelation when I actually was in Sicily. The details did help me understand what I was seeing and what I was eating...down to the gelato on a brioche and the fried chickpea patties! So if you are planning to go to Sicily, this book will set the stage for a great visit.
I bought this book because I plan to travel to Sicily next spring and am currently reading up on it so that I have as much understanding about this fascinating place as one can gain from an armchair, and also to prepare me for the actual experience of going there.I was delighted to see that Mary Taylor Simeti had done a travelogue of Sicily, because I remembered her charming tale of Queen Constance and her various travels around Italy that I read some years ago. I was not disappointed in this book. Simeti plans her book around a year, starting with the old New Year that occurred November 1st, with the Feast of the Dead, and gradually working her way around the seasons so that the end of the book finished one year later.Although she spends much time discussing her garden and her various meanderings around the Sicilian countryside with her family, this book is also a snapshot of life in Sicily during 1982-1983. I was a young woman then, freshly married, and her vivid prose enabled me to go back in time nearly thirty years ago, to re-remember events that I had completely gotten, such as the Italian government's successful attempts to divert the lava flow of Mount Etna, so that it did not go into populated areas. (They did this using dynamite). But I loved this book because of Simeti's relentless quest for the shadow of Persephone and the Greek civilization that existed on Sicily so many years ago. Highly recommended. Four stars.
I found this book by looking at Amazon offerings about Sicily. I borrowed it through interlibrary loan and decided I must have it in my permanent collection. This book is a treasure. Yes, it's dated. It first came out in 1986. But much of what she wrote about is timeless. Her personal story is just a part of the book. Sicily is the focus. The knowledge she shares will help you understand the island if you're planning to visit. If you research her, you'll find out that she and her husband still make wine. She has had a remarkable life and I'm grateful that she shared her story with all of us.
The author paints a lovely portrait of what life is like for an American expatriate- who is also wife and mother- in Sicily.Every aspect of daily Sicilian life is recounted: the feasts and celebrations, the rural traditions, the city routines. Knowing Sicily well, I knew all these depictions to be true.I did feel that the book went on a bit too long, however, and seemed at times considerably repetitive and a bit too langorous. Yet the writing is beautiful and intelligent, and the writer is enjoying painting her Sicilian life in all its detail.Were it slightly more concise, it would be a perfect read!
A trip through the seasons of Sicily from the pen of an American expat married to a Sicilian landowner. Mary Taylor Semiti's writing is both erudite and intimate. I so looked forward to curling up with this book, and did my very best to make it last. Even if you have no plans to travel there, this book offers a close-up view of this ancient, magic island and the forces that made her the way she is. Highly recommend.
I was going to Sicily and this book was recommended to me. It far exceeded my expectations--so much so that now that I have spent time in Sicily I want to reread it. It is a well written account of an ex-patriate's life abroad. She is a very sensitive woman to all her surroundings.
I read this while preparing for a month-long solo exploration of Sicily and its ancient Greek sights. This really augmented my travel research by providing an on-the-ground eyes experience by an outsider/insider telling how she was able to transition from out to in.
Well written and informative
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Free Ebook The Spider Weaver: A Legend Of Kente Cloth, by Margaret Musgrove
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Amazon.com Review
Weavers in Ghana all know the story of the remarkable spider that showed two enterprising weavers a brand new way to weave beautiful patterns into their cloth. These weavers, named Nana Koragu and Nana Ameyaw, are walking through the jungle one day on their way home to their Ashanti village, when they come across what seems like a "small miracle"--a spider web with a wondrously intricate design. Awestruck, the friends decide to bring this treasure home with them to study. Alas! The web collapses at their touch, and is ruined. But all is not lost. At Ameyaw's wife's suggestion, the weavers return the following day and watch as the amazing Master Web Weaver, a large yellow and black spider, spins her magic for their benefit. Inspired by their skillful teacher, Koragu and Ameyaw begin imitating the spider's weaving dance on their looms to create a new woven cloth called kente-nwen-ntoma, worn to this day by kings and regular people alike. Margaret Musgrove is the author of Ashanti to Zulu, which won the Caldecott Medal for illustrations by Leo and Diane Dillon. Her knowledge of African traditions and stories stems from her many visits to West Africa over the years. Artist Julia Cairns lived in Africa for 10 years, working on landscape paintings in the Okavango Swamps in northern Botswana. Readers will be reluctant to tear their eyes away from her stunning illustrations. (Ages 5 to 9) --Emilie Coulter
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From Publishers Weekly
Bursting with colors as vibrant as kente cloth, this picture book's brightly patterned endpapers quickly set the tone for Musgrove's (Ashanti to Zulu) artful retelling of an Ashanti tale. Here, she dips into the folklore of 17th-century Ghana to relate how two master weavers learn from a clever spider how to weave the beautiful cloth for which the region is famous. While hunting one night, Koragu and Ameyaw stumble upon a web in a banana tree. "Never before had either of them seen such a wondrous design!" Eager to study it more closely, the two men try to bring it home and inadvertently destroy the web. Ameyaw's wife counsels, "Though you cannot find the same web again, perhaps you can find the same weaver," and sure enough, they track down the spider, who shows them her weaving dance: "Dip! Twist. Turn and glide." The men then redesign their looms and imitate the spider's technique, with stunning results. Musgrove's lucid prose is as crisp as the designs on the weaver's cloth, while Cairns's (Off to the Sweet Shores of Africa) watercolors conjure a lush and verdant forest setting. The artist punctuates the cool greens of the leafy backdrop with dashes of red and yellow, and her flattened perspective and characters displayed largely in profile add a folk-art flair. An afterword explains more about the significance of kente cloth. Ages 4-up. Copyright 2001 Reed Business Information, Inc.
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Product details
Age Range: 4 - 8 years
Grade Level: 2 - 3
Lexile Measure: AD800L (What's this?)
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Hardcover: 40 pages
Publisher: Blue Sky Press; First Edition, First Printing edition (February 1, 2001)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0590987879
ISBN-13: 978-0590987875
Product Dimensions:
8.5 x 0.2 x 12.5 inches
Shipping Weight: 1.1 pounds
Average Customer Review:
4.5 out of 5 stars
11 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#580,707 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
I like the story. Short!
We used this to introduce a Kente Cloth art project after studying some Anansi stories! Love it!
Read this to my sixth grade class during our study of Africa. They very much enjoyed it. Very vivid colors in the book, easy to read aloud. It is based on a true story.
I used this to share with my students 1-2nd graders when we made Kente Cloth designs is art class.
Good story!
I bought it to teach Africa in a preschool. It was a little above my children but it would not be above most of the center. Pictures were beautiful.
This is a great book for kids. I needed it for an international festival where our weaver's guild had a booth. I wanted to show the story of kente cloth. Though the book was used, it was as advertised and was great for my purpose. I plan to share it with others and use it for other projects on weaving and/or Africa.
good read
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PDF Download , by Tim Flannery
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, by Tim Flannery
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Product details
File Size: 1068 KB
Print Length: 326 pages
Publisher: Text Publishing (May 16, 2010)
Publication Date: May 16, 2010
Language: English
ASIN: B005651RNS
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Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#911,290 Paid in Kindle Store (See Top 100 Paid in Kindle Store)
Throwim Way Leg is far more than an adventure book. It is an insight into the ecosystem of New Guinea and the lives of the people and cultures that live there. An incredibly difficult region to exploe due to the terrain of the country for many the only way they would ever be able to imagine how people live there is through a book like this. Not only isolated from the world but also isolated from communities within the region these people have survived. Papua New Guinea is one of those places where new dicoveries are still waiting to be found and books like this spark the imagination for those willing to make the effort. I highly suggest this book for anyone interested in the cultures, flora and fauna of New Guinea.Lonnie McCaskillExpedition Cargo
Flannery has painted an excellent picture of how the PNG HIghlands was in the '80s and his story is more fascinating because of the science exploration narrative that goes behind the stories of PNG cultures. The impact of intervention and "development", especially extractive industry development, is very accurate.
3.5 starsThrowim Way Leg is the fifth book by Australian mammalogist, palaeontologist, environmentalist, global warming activist and author, Tim Flannery. It describes his many expeditions into Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya in quest of various wildlife species. As well as detailing what is involved in tracking down, sighting and examining his quarry, Flannery comments on the huge challenge faced by those involved with environmental conservation in an undeveloped country such as this.While the myriad of species which get a mention may fascinate (or may make the eyes glaze over), Flannery’s tales of his encounters with the locals are interesting, frequently curious and quite often hilarious. Nor is he averse to relating anecdotes that paint him in a less-than-favourable light: the laugh is often on Tim! Accounts of (mis)adventures with pythons and possums, rats and bats, giardia and entamoeba, malaria and altitude sickness, tree kangaroos and a tropical glacier, an angry villager and a tapeworm snacker, all provide diversion and entertainment.Flannery includes a wealth of information about the fauna of New Guinea, about the people and about plundering of natural resources: the last chapter is a sober commentary on the unrest fomenting between the Kamoro (lowlanders) and Amungme (highlanders), PT Freeport Indonesia and the Indonesian military at the time. This is an interesting and thought-provoking read.
If you love natural history exploration books this is for you. Incredible stories relating to the png culture and natural environment.An interesting insight into the early expiditions that have shaped the life of Tim Flannery.
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Free PDF , by Lynette Eason
Just comply with the method to get , By Lynette Eason that we provide in this internet site. It's so simple. Visit the link that we constantly provide in every page. Locate guide as well as get it. When you want really the experiences to take from this publication and other book collections, you can see this house and also search by the title. It will be so simple to learn thousands of the books that are written in this around the globe.
, by Lynette Eason
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Feel tired to invest the downtime or weekend break or holidays without doing anything beneficial? Hanging around even lot of times is easy, very easy. But, are all beneficial enough? It is not your time to invest the time wasted. This is the time to appreciate all free time, yet with such significant tasks. Also having holiday by vacations someplace, it is likewise valuable. As well as here, you can likewise save your couple of times to check out a publication; the , By Lynette Eason is exactly what we recommend for you.
Get the interesting deal from this book to read. You will certainly not get just the perception but additionally experience to give up every circumstance. Get additionally the warranty of how this book is provided. You will be conveniently discovering this soft file of the book in the link that we provide. Unlike the others, we constantly serve the extremely expert book from specialist authors. As , By Lynette Eason, it will certainly offer you proportional system of just how a book should call for.
Currently, when you start to read this , By Lynette Eason, maybe you will think of exactly what you can get? Several points! Briefly we will address it, but, to recognize what they are, you need to read this book on your own. You recognize, by reading constantly, you can feel not just far better however additionally brighter in the life. Reviewing should be served as the routine, as hobby. So when you are expected to check out, you can quickly do it. Besides, by reading this book, you can likewise conveniently make ea new method to believe and feel well and sensibly. Yeah, life sensibly and also wisely is much required.
The publications , By Lynette Eason, from simple to difficult one will certainly be a very beneficial jobs that you can take to transform your life. It will certainly not offer you negative declaration unless you don't obtain the significance. This is undoubtedly to do in reading a publication to conquer the definition. Typically, this publication entitled , By Lynette Eason is reviewed since you really like this type of e-book. So, you can obtain less complicated to understand the perception and also meaning. Once again to constantly remember is by reviewing this book , By Lynette Eason, you can fulfil hat your interest beginning by finishing this reading publication.
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File Size: 754 KB
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Page Numbers Source ISBN: 0373444265
Publisher: Harlequin Special Releases; Original edition (October 17, 2016)
Publication Date: October 17, 2016
Language: English
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Lacey left home 16 years ago because she was pregnant. She's spent her time away raising her daughter. She comes home to make amends with her family. Her daughter is missing and she runs to her old flame for help finding Bethany. Mason doesn't understand why Lacey came to him for help until he finds out Bethany is his daughter. Who is trying to kidnap Bethany and terrorize Lacey? Another great nail biter from Lynette Eason.
Missing by Lynette Eason is a good Christian suspense/romance novel. It was very much the prodigal daughter returning home - just like the author said, but she wrote it in a way that was relatable and thought provoking. I also like how the author made our heroine's parents human. They made mistakes - but in the end they were all able to forgive each other because they realized that they were all sinners and in need of God's forgiveness. My only problem with this book is that once again I was quite sure early on who the bad guy or I guess woman was.
Extraordinary characterization of mother searching for missing daugter. She also finds missing dad. Book reminds me of Ross mcdonald suspense novels with a Christian twist to it. Recommend my friends read it.
I liked the fact that even in such turmoil and conflict, Mason and Lacey depended on and believed God would protect them and Bethany. I would recommend this to all Christians. Where there is a lack of compassion for the unwed mother, this story shows why there should be some. It blessed my heart!
This is one of my favorites by Lynette Eason. I've read it 3 times since I had it on my kindle and I usually do not read the suspense books more than once. Great story. It's full of anger, envy, mystery, love and danger as they solve the disappearance of Bethany.
I enjoyed the book although I believe if a person suddenly finds out he's a parent, he would not be so quick to re-establish a love relationship with the non-disclosing party. Good suspense. Didn't know who the kidnapper was until the wife showed up at the station.
I have recently started the Love Inspired Suspense books. I love how the characters always realize God is always there ready to love and protect. I have purchased all the books and don't think I'll be disappointed! I have read 3 of them so fair and would recommend them to family and friends!!
This is a great story of how God can take a bad situation and turn it in to something good. Love and forgiveness are important.
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Ebook Producing High-Quality Figures Using SAS/GRAPH® and ODS Graphics Procedures
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Producing High-Quality Figures Using SAS/GRAPH® and ODS Graphics Procedures
Ebook Producing High-Quality Figures Using SAS/GRAPH® and ODS Graphics Procedures
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Review
"This is a nice reference for someone wanting to go beyond the basics of graphics, especially if they want to make one of the graph types discussed. While different subject areas are represented, most examples are medical in nature."―David A. Dickey, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University "SAS programmers looking to master SAS graphs and produce high-quality, customized plots do not need to search any more. Producing High-Quality Figures Using SAS/GRAPH® and ODS Graphics Procedures has it all hands down. By showing traditional SAS graph procedures with new SAS graph procedures, readers can benefit from the comparisons and enhancements in the new SAS graph procedures. With his many years of industry experience, the author guides us down the difficult path with many graph examples such as forest and survival plots. This book is a must for any SAS programmer wanting to take advantage of the latest SAS options to produce high-quality plots."―Sunil Gupta, Gupta Programming, SASSavvy.com "… very easily readable, understandable, and comprehensive for all levels of SAS experiences. … this is one of the few SAS books that is pertinent to the daily life of a SAS programmer in the pharmaceutical or biotech industry."―Tracy Turschman, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
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About the Author
Charlie Chunhua Liu, PhD, is an associate director of biostatistics at Kythera Biopharmaceuticals Inc. in Westlake Village, California. Dr. Liu has been a SAS programmer and project statistician in several research institutions and pharmaceutical companies, including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the National Institute of Statistical Sciences (NISS), the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Eli Lilly and Company, and Allergan Inc. He received a PhD in crop science and a master’s in statistics from North Carolina State University.
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Product details
Paperback: 282 pages
Publisher: Chapman and Hall/CRC; 1 edition (February 8, 2015)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 148220701X
ISBN-13: 978-1482207019
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5.9 x 0.6 x 9 inches
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3 customer reviews
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#622,747 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
The codes and data sets should be available in word (e-version) to enable another programmer run these code and use the text succesfully.
This is an excellent book with detailed examples of different plots and graphs. Very helpful for people who are interested in figures, and how to display important data information via those figures. Really like the sample coding to achieve those tasks too.Really thank the author to share his knowledge and expertise!
Solid with a lot of examples and clear explanations.
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Free Download The Great A&P and the Struggle for Small Business in America
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Program Type: Audiobook
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Publisher: Blackstone Audio, Inc.
Audible.com Release Date: August 30, 2011
Language: English, English
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“The Great A&P and the Struggle for Small Business in America,†by Marc Levinson, Hill and Wang, NY, 2011. This 358-page paperback is a complete history of the A&P grocery store chain from its beginning in about 1859 to its bankruptcy filing in 2010. For much of that period, A&P was the largest retailer in the US. In 1929, Sears was the largest retailer of dry goods (sales $415MM), while A&P was 2.5 times larger with sales of $1054MM. Hence, this is the story of an industry leader, but also of one of the first chain stores. The book covers changes in the grocery trade over the years as well as the cries often heard from independents threatened by large chains. The arguments now commonly aimed at Walmart date back to at least 1900.This is also the story of an entrepreneurial family company that prospered with a winning strategy under strong leadership. But on the death of the leaders, the heirs seemed more interested in dividends. The company, once a driver of innovation, failed to keep up and fell to competition.Levinson notes that several histories of A&P have appeared describing the company's beginnings, but evidence fails to support those descriptions. The founder was apparently George Francis Gilman who established a leather trading business in New York City in 1858. In 1859, he entered the tea trade. Early stores sold tea and coffee. Sugar was added after the Civil War. In about 1862, the company adopted the Great American Tea Co. name, and soon established five store fronts selling both retail and wholesale. Bulk sales to tea clubs across the country was a specialty. In 1869, the Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Co. name was adopted. In the 1870s, full color pictures (chromolithographs) and trading stamps that could be exchanged for china or glassware were customer incentives. After the 1871 Chicago fire, the company opened a new store there. Success was followed by rapid expansion into 16 cities. By 1884, stores extended as far west as Kansas City and South to Atlanta. Wagon routes from stores brought groceries to farms throughout the east.In 1884, the company began selling A&P branded products. The first, baking powder, had a reputation of adulteration. Individual packaging and branding offered consistency and quality. The grocery store of the day carried mostly bulk products in barrels (molasses, pickles, crackers, washing powder), slabs of bacon, and wheels of cheese. Produce was limited without refrigeration–usually potatoes and cabbage. Fruit was available in season. Cardboard boxes became available in 1878 (Metropolitan Paper Bag of NYC) making possible printed packages. Although canning had been invented for Napoleon in 1795, it became widely accepted after the Civil War when automated machinery made cans economical. A&P soon added condensed milk, butter, and spices, and by 1890 became a grocery store chain. Gilman died in 1901, and the company was soon incorporated with control passing to the Hartford family. A&P had 198 stores and $5MM in revenue.In response to increased competition, A&P saw the advantage of owning its own warehouses. This allowed direct purchase from manufacturers and negotiated quantity discounts. In 1907 an office warehouse was constructed in Jersey City, NJ. Facilities included coffee roasting and grinding, chocolate/cocoa, macaroni, and a bakery.In 1907, management passed to the next generation, John H. and George L. Hartford. The name changed to A&P. In 1912, A&P pioneered the Economy Store. It offered no credit, no premiums, no trading stamps, limited hours, reduced range of merchandise, and only one employee, the manager. This allowed lower prices which attracted more shoppers.By 1920 A&P had become the world's largest retailer with $235MM in sales and 4588 stores. In the 1920s, most independent grocery stores offered free delivery and gave credit to their customers. Higher prices covered those costs, but they drove customers to chain stores. Lack of refrigeration meant that stores did not offer milk, poultry, or fresh produce. Before refrigeration, many shopped daily for groceries. A typical store served a few dozen customers within walking distance. One in four stores failed in a typical year. Manufacturers sold boxcar loads to warehouses. Stores were supplied by wholesalers, commissioned brokers, and specialists who handled some items like produce or deli meats.A&P parlayed its chain store advantages to build bigger stores in the 20s. In 1919, vertical integration was expanded. American Coffee Corporation was created to produce Eight O'Clock coffee. In 1922, White House Milk Co. was acquired to make condensed milk. Bakeries were acquired to supply A&P bread. In 1922, A&P leased three salmon canneries. Quaker Maid, initially the canning subsidiary, expanded to make an array of packaged foods from peanut better to gelatin. Quaker Maid made its own cans and printed its own labels. Box cars of fruits and vegetables were shipped to Quaker Maid factories for processing and canning.A&P reorganized to create regional management. A&P now demanded advertizing allowances and payment of sales commissions for shipments direct to A&P. If a supplier offered the right price, A&P deferred manufacturing competitive product. If leading suppliers refused to offer attractive pricing, A&P advertized its house brand. Shelf position or refusal to stock were additional levers used to negotiate favorable terms.A&P entered the produce business in 1924 creating Atlantic Commission Co. By 1929 it was buying 80,000 carloads per year from farmers under contract to raise crops for A&P. Surplus was sold to other retailers. With assured supply A&P expanded produce departments in its stores.A&P rarely owned its stores. Low investment meant stores were easily moved to new locations when the lease expired. Later this strategy worked against the company when the population moved to the suburbs after World War II. Refusal to buy and anchor attractive locations relegated the company to second tier sites. In 1927, the company moved its headquarters to the Graybar Building near Grand Central Station in Manhattan.By 1930, the arrival of refrigerated cases made it practical to stock perishables. Home refrigerators allowed people to shop less often. The result was a major shift in grocery retailing; specifically the supermarket. Stores added meat, poultry, and produce. Cellophane arrived by 1927 allowing prepackaged meat and sliced bread. Cars gave shoppers a wider range. Michael Cullen, a Kroger manager, outlined the basics of the new supermarket: away from the main shopping area to allow ample free parking; 300 items priced at cost; 200 at cost plus 5%; and heavy advertizing featuring those items. The first store opened in Jamaica, Queens in Aug, 1930.Independent retailers fought chain stores often in the state legislature or Congress with laws that outlawed discounts, required minimum pricing, or with special taxes on stores with multiple locations. In 1929 and 1930, 142 bills were introduced in 29 state legislatures to tax chain stores. Some were enacted; some were challenged in court. Usually the tax was per store but increased sharply for larger numbers of stores. In 1936, Congress passed the Robinson-Patman act which limited the discounts that supermarkets used to keep prices low. The result was reduced profits at supermarkets. A&P hesitated to open supermarkets as they reduced sales at other smaller stores, but chain store taxes favored smaller numbers of larger stores. Grocery wholesalers formed their own chains to compete with national chains.Stores added frozen food cases in 1946. In 1944, a study in Ohio found that prepackaged produce sold well and losses to damage were reduced by half.In 1949, A&P and the Hartford brothers were convicted of criminal restraint of trade. An antitrust suit followed. In 1953, A&P settled by agreeing to close Atlantic Commissions, its produce brokerage. In 1951, the US Supreme Court overturned fair trade laws making possible discount retailers.John A. Hartford, the creative force behind the company died in 1951. David Bofinger, the executive groomed to succeed him, had died in 1950. Control of the company was left to Ralph Burger, an A&P lifer, but one unprepared for the job. As business moved to the suburbs, A&P hesitated. New stores had air-conditioning and evening hours. The company was reluctant to carry higher-margin, non-food merchandise. When George L. Hartford died in 1957, control passed to the John L. Hartford Foundation. In 1958, the shares were listed on the New York Stock Exchange.Hartford Foundation wanted dividend income, but Levinson believes that reduced funds available to modernize. Hence, market share declined due to outmoded stores. Burger was forced out in 1963, but the decline continued. Kresge opened its first Kmart in 1962 and Target soon followed. Business moved to the suburbs, but A&P remained downtown. Share prices continued to decline until finally the company was sold to Tengelmann, a German grocer, in 1979. A company that had been worth $1B twenty years before was now worth only $190MM. Gradually the company sank into bankruptcy.This is a nicely done story of A&P with good coverage of history of the grocery business, as well as the long standing battle vs chain stores. The book is highly readable and will be of value to those interested in business history and the food business. Photos. References. Bibliography. Index.
These days Walmart proudly touts itself as the "world's largest retailer". The company boasts more than 8500 stores in 15 countries under 55 different names. Most people seem to have strong feelings about Walmart and the way they do business. You either love them or hate them and for many there is simply no middle ground. Unbeknownst to me another great American retailer evoked the very same passions in people and set off similar debates about competition and the merits of capitalism back in the 1920's, 1930's and 1940's. The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Co. was founded in New York City by George Gilman in 1859. It began life as a small chain of tea and coffee stores and would eventually evolve into a retailing behemoth. Author Marc Levinson has chronicled the impressive history of the company that would one day become A&P in his new book "The Great A&P and the Struggle for Small Business in America". This is an important addition to the literature on retailing in the United States and my guess is that the book will be used as a case study for business students at colleges and universities for decades to come.In "The Great A&P" Levinson describes in intimate detail the incredible story of how this relatively small concern managed to reinvent itself time and again and ultimately become the largest food retailer in the United States. For more than half a century A&P was guided by John and George Hartford after their father acquired the company in 1878. Both John and George proved to be gifted businessmen with innate abilities and instincts that would serve A&P well for many decades. Much of the success of A&P can be attributed to the "high volume--low price" stategy embraced by the Hartford brothers back in the 1920's. John and George kept their company privately-held and as a result did not have to answer to a board of directors. The Hartford's were firm believers in no-holds-barred competition and were the first to figure out many of the efficiencies that would allow them to rapidly expand the company. In 1912 A&P decided to embark on a new strategy of what they dubbed "economy stores". This "no-frills" approach to retailing was am immediate success and by the middle of the decade A&P boasted more than 1600 stores. Furthermore, the Hartford's quickly figured out that by being the largest, most successful food retailer in America they should be able to extract concessions from jobbers and wholesalers or even bypass them altogether. This would allow A&P to slash their prices even more and give the company an even greater advantage in the marketplace. And unlike other chain stores that were emerging during this period A&P chose to rent their locations rather than build the stores themselves. John and George believed that this gave the company greater flexibility to respond to ever changing market conditions. Whatever they were doing it was working like a charm. A&P would continue to experience exponential growth over the next two decades.But there was trouble on the horizon. The success of A&P and other chain stores posed a serious threat to tens of thousands of family-owned "mom and pop" grocery stores and to the thousands of locally-owned wholesalers and jobbers who supplied them. There was a growing undercurrent among a certain segment of the population and a growing number of opportunistic politicians to rein in the chains. The movement found a champion in Congressman Wright Patton (D-TX). Elected to Congress in 1928, Patton was a populist who believed that the explosive growth of chain stores was doing irreparable harm to family-owned businesses and local economies. Patton proposed a whole host of new taxes and regulations that would effectively squelch the growth of chain stores and most especially A&P. Furthermore, in 1936 Congress passed the landmark Robinson-Patman Act which prohibited anticompetitive practices by producers, specifically price discrimination. These developments would seriously hinder A&P in some ways but despite it all the company bobbed and weaved and changed and adjusted and continued to grow for another decade. Although there were always pockets of resistance to the growth of the chains the vast majority of Americans seemed to embrace the concept.As I indicated earlier ""The Great A&P and the Struggle for Small Business in America" is a terrific case study and should be required reading for all serious business students. We hear the very same arguments today regarding the way Walmart conducts its business. But there are some very clear differences between the two companies which should become quite apparent to you as you read this book. Although I found the writing to be a bit tedious at times I believe this is a book that is well worth your time and attention. Recommended.
What I loved about this book is that it is a tale of innovation, daring, persistence, and success--at least until the founders of A&P died. Then the business declined till it went essentially out of business.It is a road map to how to take a business to dizzying heights. It is a cornacopia of interesting facts--food prices for all Americans dramatically dropped bc of the innovations A&P brought to the food industry--especially as per distribution and production. Food was %50 of the American budget; now it is 8-10%? Thx A&P.It is a tale of how Gov't interference is not a new thing with the current assault on Walmart. The Gov't went after A&P for pretty much the same reason it goes after Walmart. It was thought A&P hurt small stores--they actually grew in number until supermarkets dominated in the 50's.THe book is a tale of how a company can go out of business if it does not innnovate, does not bring in new and fresh blood, begins to believe its own hype without focusing on challenges, etc.If I had to criticize it--it can be repetitive on its theme's of gov't assault and company response to these assualts. It is a bit uneven. 90% of the book is the years 1859 to 1955. THe last 35 years of the company are really given short shriff. Some more detail is needed--such as--how did A&P morph into Super Fresh in the Mid-Atlantic area? etc. Hardly a word on the details of its break ups and morphings.Good book, though. Highly recommend it. Enjoy!
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